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- WORLD, Page 40EL SALVADORAn Offer They Couldn't RefuseAs elections near, the rebels mount a violent offensiveBy John Moody
-
-
- The neatly typed letter to Mayor Marta Gomez de Melendez opened
- with a cordial greeting. But there was no mistaking it for fan
- mail. The message from the Marxist-led Farabundo Marti National
- Liberation Front (F.M.L.N.) informed the mayor of Cojutepeque that
- she was obstructing El Salvador's revolution and gave her a choice:
- resign within 72 hours or face "popular justice." Gomez, a normally
- outspoken member of the right-wing ARENA party, knew exactly what
- the last phrase meant. In the past year, eight mayors who ignored
- similar F.M.L.N. invitations to quit had been "executed," as the
- rebels call their political murders. Unwilling to become another
- dismal statistic, Gomez joined 42 other mayors who have capitulated
- to the F.M.L.N.'s strong-arm tactics.
-
- The drop-out-or-die ultimatums are an aggressive attempt to
- rectify a long-standing rebel problem. Although the F.M.L.N. has
- fought the 56,000-man Salvadoran armed forces to a stalemate during
- nine years of civil war, it has accumulated no sustained political
- influence. Now, two months before presidential elections, the
- insurgents have hit on a way to make their presence felt in nearly
- every town and village.
-
- Even as it makes a mockery of local government, the F.M.L.N.
- is challenging the Salvadoran army with its boldest military
- offensive since 1983. Two days before Christmas, a well-trained
- assault team lobbed three bombs into the headquarters of the El
- Salvador armed forces. Seconds later, three nearby car bombs
- detonated. In all, three people were killed and more than 30
- injured, most of them civilians. The same week, urban commandos set
- off two car bombs outside the air force general command in
- Ilopango. Last week the guerrillas bombed Treasury police
- headquarters, killing one person and wounding several others.
-
- The rebel offensive is timed to remind voters that the F.M.L.N.
- remains a force to be reckoned with. The election of moderate
- President Jose Napoleon Duarte in 1984 seemed to promise an end to
- the grueling war. But failed talks with the rebels and charges of
- official corruption have dissipated the popularity of Duarte's
- Christian Democratic Party. ARENA has strongly rebounded and seems
- likely to corner the votes this time. But many observers foresee
- a runoff for the presidency between ARENA's Alfredo Cristiani and
- the Christian Democratic candidate Fidel Chavez Mena.
-
- Far behind in the polls is the Democratic Convergence, a
- left-wing coalition. Its candidate, Guillermo Ungo, a leader of the
- rebel movement's political arm, has called openly for a dialogue
- with the F.M.L.N. While the guerrillas officially shun the
- elections as a farce, some strategists believe Ungo's participation
- may be useful. Explains Hector Silva, a spokesman for one of the
- parties in the Convergence: "Ungo knows he can't win. But with him
- running, how to end the war becomes part of the campaign debate."
-
- In the countryside, the rebels woo the peasants by striking at
- wealthy landowners. During the recent coffee harvest, the F.M.L.N.
- decreed that growers should pay their pickers nearly twice the
- legal minimum wage, which can be less than $2 a day. When some
- landholders refused to cooperate, armed guerrillas hijacked
- truckloads of newly harvested beans and redistributed the stolen
- booty to the pickers. Other landowners who balked at paying a "war
- tax" to finance the insurgency have been burned out.
-
- The rebels' show of strength comes at a particularly difficult
- time for the government, which already faces staggering economic
- trouble. This year's coffee harvest will probably be the scantiest
- in 30 years, disastrous news for a country that counts on this
- single product for one-third of its income. An additional 50% of
- its income comes from U.S. aid, but belt tightening in Washington
- could erode the $537 million currently allocated to El Salvador.
-
- More ominous, right-wing death squads are reviving their grisly
- trade. By one count, death-squad killings totaled more than 50 in
- 1988, more than double the number in 1987. And despite U.S.
- pressure on the Salvadoran army to respect civilians, soldiers are
- accused of responding to the guerrilla offensive by kidnaping and
- murdering suspected sympathizers.
-
- The F.M.L.N. may not be able to win a military victory, but
- its leaders evidently hope to make El Salvador ungovernable until
- they are ceded a share of the power. Yet the new surge of terror
- by both sides only brings more bitterness to a country that seems
- doomed to endless war and senseless slaughter.